American Board of Surgical Assistants (ABSA) Orthopedic Practice Test

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Which term describes a chronic systemic disease of unknown cause that involves inflammation of the synovium?

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Septic arthritis

The correct answer is: Rheumatoid arthritis

The term that describes a chronic systemic disease of unknown cause involving inflammation of the synovium is rheumatoid arthritis. This autoimmune condition is characterized by the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking the synovial membrane, leading to swelling, pain, and potential joint damage. Unlike osteoarthritis, which is primarily a degenerative joint disease related to wear and tear, or septic arthritis, which is caused by infection, rheumatoid arthritis involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors that trigger inflammation throughout the body. Furthermore, psoriatic arthritis, while also an inflammatory condition, is specifically associated with psoriasis and may not affect the synovium in the same systemic and chronic manner as rheumatoid arthritis. The hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis is its systemic nature and joint involvement, making it distinct in its etiology and clinical presentation.