American Board of Surgical Assistants (ABSA) Orthopedic Practice Test

What is considered the primary cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?

1. Trauma

2. Overuse

3. Genetics

4. Infection

The correct answer is: Overuse

Carpal tunnel syndrome primarily arises from overuse, particularly repetitive hand and wrist movements. This condition occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the wrist and controls sensations in the thumb and fingers, becomes compressed. Activities that involve frequent flexing and extending of the wrist, such as typing, assembly line work, or playing certain musical instruments, can lead to inflammation and swelling in the surrounding tissues. This swelling results in increased pressure within the carpal tunnel, where the median nerve resides, ultimately causing the symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. In cases of overuse, the sustained pressure and repetitive strain can lead to conditions such as tendonitis or inflammation of the tendons that accompany the median nerve, further enhancing the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome. While other factors such as trauma, genetics, and infections can contribute to the condition or predispose individuals to it, the overwhelming majority of cases are associated with repetitive motion and overuse, making it the primary catalyst for this syndrome.